Delving into NAD+: A Potential Key to Longevity?

An Overview of NAD+

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, commonly known as NAD+, is a supplement currently under investigation for its potential effects on cellular energy production, mitochondria function, and DNA repair. Before considering supplementation, it's crucial to understand the function of NAD+ in the body, the existing research on its connection to longevity, and natural ways to increase NAD+ levels. NAD+ has gained attention in the scientific community as a potential therapeutic approach to aging.

Understanding NAD+

NAD+ is a coenzyme, a small molecule that aids enzymes in their functions. It is present in all cells in the body and plays a vital role in transferring energy within cells. NAD+ is involved in several metabolic processes, including the conversion of food into energy needed by cells. It assists in producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a substance our bodies can utilize. ATP is the ultimate energy source for all our cells. Without NAD, ATP production, a fundamental aspect of life, is impossible.

NAD vs. NAD+

NAD+ is the active form of NAD in the body. While these terms are often used interchangeably, they are not identical molecules. According to Dr. Orel Swenson, founder of Aeonic Health, a regenerative and longevity medicine practice based in Boston, "NAD+ is the one we are primarily focused on when it comes to longevity, cellular health, and energy." Studies in mice have shown that NAD+ levels naturally decrease with age. By middle age, our NAD+ levels are half of what they were in our youth.

NAD Supplementation

Several methods exist to restore NAD+ levels, including oral supplements, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, self-injections, and infusion therapy. The primary differences lie in the delivery method, with some considered faster and more effective than others. However, NAD+ is not easily absorbed when taken orally. As a result, other methods of administering NAD+, such as intravenous infusion or subcutaneous injections, are becoming more popular.

NAD+ Precursors

Precursors are molecules that transform into another substance or compound through a chemical reaction. NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) and NR (nicotinamide riboside) are substances that the body can convert into NAD+. While NAD+ is more difficult for the body to absorb, these precursors are more readily converted into NAD+. A study published in GeroScience in 2023 found that NMN supplementation increases blood concentrations of NAD+ and is safe and well tolerated in oral doses of up to 900 mg per day.

The Role of NAD+ in Longevity

Dr. Swenson explained the role of NAD+ in longevity in four points: 1. ATP production: NAD+ acts as a coenzyme, interacting with other enzymes in the body to produce ATP, the final energy source for cells. 2. Mitochondrial health: NAD+ is essential for maintaining optimal mitochondrial function and for mitochondrial biogenesis, which involves the creation of new mitochondria. 3. DNA repair: NAD+ mediates the repair of damaged DNA, which accumulates as people age. 4. Reduction of inflammation: NAD+ plays a role in reducing inflammation. As we age and levels decline, we may experience an accumulation of inflammation, known as "inflammaging."

Measuring NAD+ Levels

While NAD+ has potential benefits, excessive levels have been linked to cancer and can affect immunity. The exact mechanisms of this connection are not fully understood, but NAD+ levels appear to have both pro- and anti-cancer effects.

Bottom Line

While NAD+ has shown promise in the field of longevity and healthspan, more research is needed, particularly in humans, to understand its long-term effects and optimal dosage. It should not be seen as a magic bullet, but rather as part of a comprehensive strategy for promoting healthy aging. What are your thoughts on this topic? Share this article with your friends and sign up for the Daily Briefing, which is delivered every day at 6pm.